A significant part of anaesthesiology involves managing both acute and chronic pain, including techniques like labor analgesia and palliative care. 

Anaesthesiologists also provide critical care support to patients with impaired vital functions, often in intensive care units. 

Anaesthesiology is a leader in patient safety initiatives, with a focus on continuous improvement and the use of new technologies and guidelines, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 

Anaesthesiology has various subspecialties, including cardiac, pediatric, and pain management, to address specific patient needs.